Course Information


Course Information
Course Title Code Semester L+U Hour Credits ECTS
EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY 801100805391 3 + 0 3.0 10.0

Prerequisites None

Language of Instruction Turkish
Course Level Graduate Degree
Course Type Elective
Mode of delivery Visual material, lecturing, question-answering, discussion, interacting, computer application, homework
Course Coordinator
Instructors Bülent KAYPAK
Assistants
Goals Giving information about the latest earthquake tomography methods is being used in seismology and explaining the applications.
Course Content Giving the recent tomographic methods implemented in Seismology and their applications. Classification of the tomographic methods according to source type, source-receiver geometry, data type, application target, and parameter type. Theoretical knowledge related to Earthquake Tomography. Description of concepts such as 2-D and 3-D modeling, data selection, ray tracing, forward and inverse problems, resolution analysis. Details of local, regional, global, teleseismic, surface way, ambient noise, attenuation, wide-angle refraction and reflection tomographies and their applications. Interpretation of tomographic results in terms of seismologic, tectonic, and geologic.
Learning Outcomes 1) Identify and classify tomographic methods applied in seismology
2) Knows ray tracing methods between source and receiver
3) Models and analyzes earthquake tomography problems
4) Uses different inversion algorithms in earthquake tomography problems
5) Evaluates and interprets the tomographic results.

Weekly Topics (Content)
Week Topics Teaching and Learning Methods and Techniques Study Materials
1. Week Introduction to Earthquake Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
2. Week Theorotical Basis 1 - Modelling Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
3. Week Theorotical Basis 2 - Ray Tracing Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
4. Week Theorotical Basis 3 - Forward and Inverse Solution Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
5. Week Theorotical Basis 4 - Resolution Analysis Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
6. Week Local Earthquake Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
7. Week Regional Earthquake Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
8. Week Global Earthquake Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
9. Week Teleseismic Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
10. Week Surface Wave Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
11. Week Attenuation Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
12. Week Ambient Noise Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
13. Week Wide Angle Seismic Reflection and Refraction Tomography Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
14. Week Interpretation of Tomographic Results Lecture; Question Answer; Problem Solving; Discussion; Case Study
Brainstorming; Opinion Pool
Project Based Learning; Problem Based Learning 		Presentation (Including Preparation Time)
15. Week Final Exam Question Answer

 Homework

Sources Used in This Course
Recommended Sources
Aki, K. & Lee, W. H. K., 1976. Determination of the three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes 1. A homogeneous intial model, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4381–4399.
Aki, K., Christoffersson, A., Husebye, E.S., 1977. Determination of the three-dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 277–296.
Bijwaard, H. & Spakman, W., 2000. Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 71–82.
Cerveny, V., 1987. Ray tracing algorithms in three-dimensional laterally varying layered structures, in Seismic tomography: With applications in global seismology and exploration geophysics, edited by G. Nolet, pp. 99–133, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
Cerveny, V., 1987. Ray tracing algorithms in three-dimensional laterally varying layered structures, in Seismic tomography: With applications in global seismology and exploration geophysics, edited by G. Nolet, pp. 99–133, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
Dijkstra, E.W., 1959. A note on two problems in connection with graphs, Numer. Math., 1, 269–271.
Evans, J., Eberhart-Phillips, D., & Thurber, C., 1994. User’s manual for SIMUL PS12 for imaging vP and vP/vS: A derivative of the “Thurber” tomographic inversion SIMUL3 for local earthquakes and explosions, Open file report 431, U.S. Geological Survey.
Fischer, R. & Lees, J. M., 1993. Shortest path ray tracing with sparse graphs, Geophysics, 58, 987–996.
Hole, J. A. & Zelt, B. C., 1995. 3-D finite-difference reflection travel times, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 427–434.
Hole, J. A., 1992. Nonlinear high-resolution three-dimensional travel-time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6553–6562.
Hole, J. A., Clowes, R. M., & Ellis, R. M., 1992. Interface inversion using broadside seismic refraction data and three-dimensional traveltime calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3417–3429.
Julian, B. R. & Gubbins, D., 1977. Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing, J. Geophys., 43, 95–113.
Kennett, B. L. N., 1998. Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography, Research School of Earth Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra.
Kissling, E., Elsworth, W.L., Eberhart-Phillips, D. and Kradofler, U. (1994) Initial reference models in seismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 99: 19.635-19.646
Klime^s, L. & Kvasni^cka, M., 1994. 3-D network ray tracing, Geophys. J. Int., 116, 726–738.
Menke, W., 1989. Geophysical data analysis: Discrete inverse theory, Academic Press, New York.
Nolet, G., 1987. Seismic tomography: With applications in global seismology and exploration geophysics, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
Nolet, G., 1987. Waveform tomography, in Seismic tomography: With applications in global seismology and exploration geophysics, edited by G. Nolet, pp. 301–322, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
Thurber, C.H. (1993) Local Earthquake Tomography: velocities and Vp/Vs-theory, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice (ed. Iyer, H.M. and Hirahara, K.), Chapman & Hall, London
Zhang, J. & Toksöz, M. N., 1998. Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomography, Geophysics, 63, 1726–1737.

Relations with Education Attainment Program Course Competencies
Program RequirementsContribution LevelDK1DK2DK3DK4DK5
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*DK = Course's Contrubution.
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Level of contribution None Very Low Low Fair High Very High
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ECTS credits and course workload
Event Quantity Duration (Hour) Total Workload (Hour)
Course Duration (Total weeks*Hours per week) 14 3
Work Hour outside Classroom (Preparation, strengthening) 14 3
Homework 4 10
Presentation (Including Preparation Time) 2 10
Project (Including Preparation and presentation Time) 2 10
Report (Including Preparation and presentation Time) 2 10
Activity (Web Search, Library Work, Trip, Observation, Interview etc.) 6 2
Practice (Teaching Practice, Music/Musical Instrument Practice , Statistics, Laboratory, Field Work, Clinic and Polyclinic Practice) 6 2
Midterm Exam 1 3
Time to prepare for Midterm Exam 5 10
Final Exam 1 3
Time to prepare for Final Exam 5 10
Total Workload
Total Workload / 30 (s)
ECTS Credit of the Course
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Course Information
  • Course Information
  • Weekly Topics (Content)
  • Sources Used in This Course
  • Relations with Education Attainment Program Course Competencies
  • ECTS credits and course workload